A few numbers of the Tuber genus are highly economically valued due to their unique organoleptic aroma. One of these species is the Mature Burgundy truffle or tuber aestivum Vittad. (Fig11) which has an excellent flavor.

Specimen of black Truffle has following features: Ascomata were subglobose, heavily lobed and irregular, 8-10 cm in diameter (Fig12). The peridium was warty and black in color and pseudoparenchimous in texture. The gleba was firm, solid, brown to black, and with brown and white veins sinuous similar to those of the genus Tuber (Fig.12.C). The truffle possessed a strong aroma, perfectly pleasant. Asci were globose to subglobose in form and contained 3-6 ascospores per ascus. Spores globose to broadly ellipsoid (24×18) 24-29x18-27 μm in diameter, yellow, translucent, ornamented with a coarse irregular reticulum (Paolocci et al., 2000). According to morphological resembling and molecular result, the fruit-body is Tuber aestivum Vittad. This represents the fifth documented report of this species of truffle from Iran.

The white truffle has the following characteristics: Ascoma globose to subglobose, irregularly lobulated, 9×11cm in diameter. (Fig. 2). The peridium was whitish to creamy-white or brownish with a small dark spots. The gleba was whitish near the edge to yellow-brownish ‘due to an onset of decaying‘the center with sinuous veins similar to those of the genus Tuber (Fig. 2A). It has a high pungent almost pleasant aroma. Pseudoparenchimatic peridium. The asci were claviform, pedunculated, and contained 6-8 spores per ascus. Spores globose 17-21 μm in diameter, yellowish, with isolated curvy spines with a truncated tip. According to morphological and molecular examination the fruit-body is Choiromyces venosus (Fr.) Th. Fr. It is the first report of this species from Iran.

The ascomycete truffle C. venosus is still largely unknown with respect to its biology, ecology and physiology. Preliminary results of cytotoxicity data indicate that the amounts of C. venosus extract required to achieve cell death in the cytotoxicity assay is similar to that of other commonly consumed fungi including Agaricus bisporus and T. aestivum. Also in the Golestan province of Iran it consumed without any food poisonous reports. Most reports on the consumption or biology of this species have been in Sweden where it establishes mycorrhizae mainly with Quercus, Tilia, Betula and Corylus. Its typical habitats are light deciduous woodlands, wooded pastures and parks, on somewhat loamy, neutral to slightly basic, calcareous soils. Wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) are attracted by Choiromyces but it is argued also the common magpie (Pica pica) as a potential dispersal vector. Choiromyces is considered an edible species in Sweden despite its somewhat rubber- like smell.